Stem

STEM

Characteristics:

• The stem is the ascending part of the axis, giving rise to branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

• Originates from the plumule of a germinating seed's embryo.

• Comprises nodes, where leaves emerge, and internodes, the segments between nodes.
• Bears buds, which can be terminal (at the end) or axillary (in leaf axils).

• Initially green in youth, often maturing into woody, dark brown structures.
  

Stem Functions:

• Branching and Support:

The primary role of the stem is to support branches that bear leaves, flowers, and fruits, aiding in their exposure to sunlight.

• Conduction:

The stem conducts water, minerals, and photosynthates (food produced through photosynthesis) throughout the plant.

• Storage:

Some stems serve as storage organs for food reserves.

• Protection:

Stems may offer protection to delicate internal structures.

• Vegetative Propagation:

Certain stems facilitate vegetative reproduction, allowing plants to reproduce asexually.