Hybridisation

• The mixing of dissimilar orbital of similar energies to form new set of hybrid orbital.
• Number of hybrid orbital formed is equal to the no. of orbital taking part in hybridization.
• Depending upon the different combination of s and p orbitals, these types of hybridization are known.

sp³hybridization:In this case, one s and three p orbitals hybridise to form four sp³hybrid orbitals. These four sp³hybrid orbitals are oriented in a tetrahedral arrangement.

sp²hybridization:In this case one s and two p orbitals mix together to form three sp²hybrid orbitals and are oriented in a trigonal planar geometry.

The remaining p orbital if required form side ways overlapping with the other unhybridized p orbital of other C atom and leads to formation ofp₂C = CH₂bond as in H

sp hybridization:In this case, one s and one p orbital mix together to form two sp hybrid orbitals and are oriented in a linear shape.

The remaining two unhybridised p orbitals overlap with another unhybridised p orbital leading to the formation of triple bond as in HCCH.